WSL2 安装 Ubuntu 18.04

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官方教程网址

  • 可以在控制面板–> 程序 –> 启动和关闭功能处开启，也可以使用以下命令开启

    # 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统
    dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
    # 启用虚拟机功能
    dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

  • 重启电脑（重要）

  • 下载 Linux 内核更新包，并安装。见官网链接

  • 已管理员身份开启PowerShell

    wsl --set-default-version 2

  • 到 Microsoft Store 选择 Ubuntu 18.04 安装

默认使用root

  • 管理员身份打开PowerShell
    # 到ubuntu应用目录，`CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu18.04onWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc`目录名可能不一样
    cd "C:\Users\<用户目录>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu18.04onWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc"
    ubuntu1804.exe config --default-user root

启动命令（包括固定ip，启动ssh，启动docker）,需管理员运行

:: 设置固定IP
wsl -d Ubuntu-18.04 -u root ip addr add 192.168.50.2/24 broadcast 192.168.50.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
netsh interface ip add address "vEthernet (WSL)" 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0

:: 启动 ssh
:: 或者 wsl -d Ubuntu-18.04 -u root -e /etc/init.d/ssh restart
wsl -d Ubuntu-18.04 -u root service ssh restart

:: 启动docker
:: wsl -d Ubuntu-18.04 -u root service docker restart

pause

##　重启命令,需管理员运行

net stop LxssManager
net start LxssManager
pause

更换源 /etc/apt/sources.list 清华镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

使用windows的代理，打开当前用户的.bashrc , 添加以下内容

hostip=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{ print $2 }')
wslip=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
port=7890 # 根据代理端口更改

poff(){
    unset http_proxy
    unset https_proxy
    echo -e "已关闭代理"
}
pon() {
    export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
    export http_proxy="http://${hostip}:${port}"
    export https_proxy=$http_proxy
    echo -e "已开启代理"
}

test_setting(){
    echo "Host ip:" ${hostip}
    echo "WSL ip:" ${wslip}
    echo "Current proxy:" $https_proxy
}

问题记录

  • SSH访问失败问题

    • 缺少 ssh_host_rsa_key ssh_host_ecdsa_key ssh_host_ed25519_key
      $ service ssh restart
      # 重启ssh服务提示
      Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
      Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
      Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

      # 重新生成 key
      $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
      $ ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
      $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

      $ service ssh restart

  • 局域网访问 需端口映射

    :: 列出所有映射
    netsh interface portproxy show all
    :: 增加端口 也可以用 listenaddress=*
    netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=9898 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=9898 connectaddress=192.168.50.2 protocol=tcp
    :: 删除端口
    netsh interface portproxy delete v4tov4 listenport=9898 listenaddress=0.0.0.0

  • windows无法被ubuntu访问， 见官方issue

    • 打开高级防火墙
    • 添加入站规则 ==》 自定义 ==》协议类型选择ICMPV4